Osteoarthritis

• Signs and Symptoms
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Diagnosis
• Preventive Care
• Treatment
• Other Considerations
• Supporting Research

Ulcerative colitis

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Complications
• Risk Factors
• Diagnosis
• Dietary Factors
• Symptom Management
• Medications
• Surgery
• Resources
• References

Crohn's disease

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Complications
• Risk Factors
• Diagnosis
• Dietary Factors
• Symptom Management
• Medications
• Surgery
• Resources
• References

• In February 2007, the FDA approved adalimumab (Humira) for treatment of adult patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease. Adalimumab and infliximab (Remicade) are now the two biologic drugs approved for Crohn’s disease. Infliximab is approved for treating both adults and children.
• As of August 2007, the FDA was considering approving natalizumab (Tysabri) for moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease in patients who have not responded to, or cannot tolerate, other therapies. - 0 Comments
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Kidney stones

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Medications
• Other Treatments
• Complications
• Prevention
• Resources
• References

• Patients who have the most common type of gastric bypass surgery, the Roux-en-Y, are at increased risk for kidney stones, beginning 6 months after surgery, according to a study published in 2006.

• Calcium stones form when there is an imbalance in the urine substances that promote and block the formation of stones. Often, the cause of this imbalance is unknown.
• Having acidic urine or too much uric acid in the body leads to the formation of uric acid stones.
• Struvite stones are almost always caused by urinary tract infections due to bacteria that produce certain enzymes.
• Other stones, including cystine and xanthine stones, are usually due to genetic abnormalities.

• In about 85% of patients, the kidney stones are small enough that they pass through normal urination, usually within 2 - 3 days.
• Certain medications can prevent recurrence of stones in people who are at high risk.
• Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a technique that uses sound waves (ultrasound) to break up simple stones in the kidney or upper urinary tract. The shock waves are delivered from outside the body.
• Surgery may be necessary if the stone or stones are too big to pass, and cannot be broken down through ESWL.
• A change of diet and increased drinking of fluids, especially water, will help prevent a recurrence.

Infertility in women

• Highlights
• Introduction
• The Reproductive System
• Risk Factors
• Causes
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Lifestyle Changes
• Medications
• Assisted Reproductive Techn...
• Complications of Assisted R...
• Resources
• References

Urinary tract infection

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Risk Factors
• Complications
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Medications
• Other Treatments
• Resources
• References

• UTIs are the most expensive of all urologic diseases, accounting for about $3.5 billion a year in medical costs, including $96.4 million in prescriptions.
• Over 60% of women will experience a UTI at least once in their lifetime. At least a third of women experience a UTI by the time they are 24 years old.
• Only 20% of UTIs occur in men. - 0 Comments
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Heart failure

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Risk Factors
• Complications
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Medications
• Surgery and Devices
• Lifestyle Changes
• Resources
• References