Magnesium

• Overview
• Uses
• Dietary Sources
• Available Forms
• How to Take It
• Precautions
• Possible Interactions
• Supporting Research

Psoriasis

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Types of Psoriasis
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Topical Medications
• Systemic Medications
• Phototherapy
• Managing Psoriasis
• Outlook
• Resources
• References

Kidney stones

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Medications
• Other Treatments
• Complications
• Prevention
• Resources
• References

• Patients who have the most common type of gastric bypass surgery, the Roux-en-Y, are at increased risk for kidney stones, beginning 6 months after surgery, according to a study published in 2006.

• Calcium stones form when there is an imbalance in the urine substances that promote and block the formation of stones. Often, the cause of this imbalance is unknown.
• Having acidic urine or too much uric acid in the body leads to the formation of uric acid stones.
• Struvite stones are almost always caused by urinary tract infections due to bacteria that produce certain enzymes.
• Other stones, including cystine and xanthine stones, are usually due to genetic abnormalities.

• In about 85% of patients, the kidney stones are small enough that they pass through normal urination, usually within 2 - 3 days.
• Certain medications can prevent recurrence of stones in people who are at high risk.
• Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a technique that uses sound waves (ultrasound) to break up simple stones in the kidney or upper urinary tract. The shock waves are delivered from outside the body.
• Surgery may be necessary if the stone or stones are too big to pass, and cannot be broken down through ESWL.
• A change of diet and increased drinking of fluids, especially water, will help prevent a recurrence.

Osteoporosis

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Fractures
• Risk Factors
• Diagnosis
• Lifestyle Changes
• Medications
• Treatment
• Resources
• References

• In 2007, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved zoledronic acid (Reclast) for postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment. Zoledronic acid is given as an injection once a year. A 2007 study in the New England Journal of Medicine indicated that zoledronic acid can significantly reduce the risk of spine, hip, and other fractures.
• In 2007, the FDA approved raloxifene (Evista) for prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and postmenopausal women at high risk for breast cancer. - 1 Comment
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Migraine headaches

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Prognosis
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Diagnosis
• Treatment Approaches
• Medications Used for Treatm...
• Prevention
• Medications Used for Preven...
• Resources
• References

• About 17.1% of women and 5.6% of men suffer migraines, according to the 2007 American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention survey. Nearly a third of respondents reported 3 or more migraine attacks per month. Over half were severely impaired or needed bed rest during attacks. - 1 Comment
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Diabetes

• Signs and Symptoms
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Diagnosis
• Preventive Care
• Treatment Approach
• Other Considerations
• Supporting Research

Peptic ulcers

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Complications
• Risk Factors
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Treatment for NSAID-Induced...
• Medications
• Treatment for Bleeding Ulce...
• Lifestyle Changes
• Resources
• References

• Spironolactone, a common diuretic used in heart failure
• Niacin, a drug used to lower "bad" cholesterol and raise "good" cholesterol
• Vitamin K antagonists, commonly prescribed anticoagulants
• Dipyridamole, a drug for secondary stroke prevention
• Low-dose aspirin, prescribed for both heart attack and stroke prevention

Gastroesophageal reflux disease and heartburn

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Symptoms
• Complications
• Barrett's Esophagus
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Prevention
• Medications
• Surgery
• Resources
• References

• Obesity and GERD. Increased weight in women is linked to more frequent GERD symptoms, according to the Nurses' Health Study, which included 10,545 female participants. Overweight and obese women were two to three times more likely to have frequent symptoms than women of normal weight. - 0 Comments
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