Arguments abound for eating seasonally, but it can be a little tricky to keep track of what's available when. While one could always just take a stroll through the market to find out what's at its prime, that can make meal planning a bit tricky. Instead, check out this comprehensive glossary, and you'll know what to expect at your market, what to look forward to in months to come, and what to get your fill of before it's gone.
Rather browse by season? Check out our guides for each:
Apple harvest season runs from August through November with some varietals like Gravensteins coming to markets as early as the end of July. The rest of the year, these fruits are available thanks to cold storage.
Apricots have a short season that runs from May though July, with some prized varieties (like Blenheims) only available for a few weeks in late June/early July.
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Artichokes
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Artichokes are at their peak from March until June, with petite baby artichokes available for a slightly truncated season: March through May.
Asian pears are harvested in the months of July through November (and are therefore at their peak then), but are available through cold-storage preservation until April.
Winter squashes like butternut squash are typically harvested October through December, and are available as late as early April thanks to their hearty nature.
Earthy chanterelle mushrooms have a season dictated largely by rainfall — they're a foraged rather than cultivated food — and while available intermittently throughout the year, are most common during the rainy seasons of Fall and Winter.
Chervil is available year-round but is at its peak in Spring.
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Chestnuts
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As one might guess from their cultural ties to the holiday season, chestnuts are typically available during blustery Fall and Winter months: roughly October through January.
Garlic scapes — the flowering stalks of still-developing garlic bulbs — are typically available for a few weeks sometime between late May and early July.
Ginger's harvest season runs August through November, and it is available through cold storage all the way into February. During the rest of the year, try substituting ginger juice 1:1.
The prized morel mushroom is typically foraged (and therefore available fresh) during the Spring months; throughout the rest of the year, try dried morels.
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Mushrooms
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Cultivated mushrooms like cremini (pictured), button, shiitake, and portobello are available year-round.
Bitter mustard greens are at farmers markets from October to March.
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Nectarines
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Nectarine season mirrors that of its furry cousin, the peach. They can be ready as early as May and available until late September, but their season is at its peak in July and August.
Because they're a kitchen staple, it's easy to assume that potato season runs year-round. Rather, they're typically harvested from July till early September (and are a real treat as "new potatoes"); the rest of the year, they're available via cold storage.
Although radishes are available year-round, it's during Spring and Summer months when one can truly appreciate them for their crisp texture and spicy, juicy bite.
Raspberries have, thankfully, a long season that runs from May through early November, with their peak in the Summer months.
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Rhubarb
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Actually a vegetable rather than a fruit, rhubarb is at its peak from April to June, though it is often available slightly later into the Summer season.
Spring onions are simply young onions that have been pulled before they develop into conventional onions, and they are available — you guessed it — throughout the Spring season.
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Strawberries
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Strawberries are at their sweetest from April to July, though they are available at farmers markets as early as March and as late as October.
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Summer Squash
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Summer squash (a category which includes pattypan, crookneck, zucchini, yellow, and other heirloom varieties) is typically available from June through late October.
Tomatillos are in season from May to November, peaking in August.
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Tomatoes
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From rainbow-hued heirloom varietals to juicy Early Girls to the tiniest grape and cherry versions, tomato season is surprisingly long. Smaller varieties can come to harvest as early as April (but more typically around June) and last till November; larger tomatoes are available through the peak Summer and mid-Fall months.